Google is a play on the word googol which was coined by Milton Sirotta nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner and was popularized in the schedule. Mathematics and the Imagination by Kasner and James Newman. It refers to the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. explore's use of the term reflects the affiliate's mission to organize the immense seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1995 - 1997--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Back before Google? Aye there's the Rub. According to Google lore company founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin were not terribly fond of each other when they first met as Stanford University graduate students in computer science in 1995. Larry was a 24-year-old University of Michigan alumnus on a weekend visit; Sergey. 23 was among a assort of students assigned to show him around. They argued about every topic they discussed. Their strong opinions and divergent viewpoints would eventually sight common ground in a unique approach to solving one of computing's biggest challenges: retrieving relevant information from a massive set of data. By January of 1996. Larry and Sergey had begun collaboration on a search engine called BackRub named for its unique ability to analyze the "approve links" pointing to a given website. Larry who had always enjoyed tinkering with machinery and had gained some notoriety for building a working printer out of Lego™ bricks took on the assign of creating a new kind of server environment that used low-end PCs instead of big expensive machines. Afflicted by the perennial shortage of change common to graduate students everywhere the unify took to haunting the department's loading docks in hopes of tracking drink newly arrived computers that they could acquire for their network. A year later their unique approach to link analysis was earning BackRub a growing reputation among those who had seen it. go about the new search technology began to create as word spread around campus.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1998--------------------------------------------------------------------------------The search for a buyerLarry and Sergey continued working to ameliorate their technology through the first half of 1998. Following a path that would change state a key tenet of the Google way they bought a terabyte of disks at bargain prices and built their own computer housings in Larry's dorm room which became Google's first data center. Meanwhile Sergey set up a business office and the two began calling on potential partners who might want to authorise a search technology better than any then available. Despite the dotcom fever of the day they had little arouse in building a affiliate of their own around the technology they had developed. Among those they called on was friend and Yahoo! founder David Filo. Filo agreed that their technology was solid but encouraged Larry and Sergey to grow the service themselves by starting a examine engine affiliate. "When it's fully developed and scalable," he told them. "let's communicate again." Others were less interested in Google as it was now known. One portal CEO told them. "As desire as we're 80 percent as good as our competitors that's good enough. Our users don't really compassionate about search."Touched by an angelUnable to interest the study portal players of the day. Larry and Sergey decided to make a go of it on their own. All they needed was a little cash to move out of the dorm – and to pay off the credit cards they had maxed out buying a terabyte of memory. So they wrote up a business intend put their Ph. D plans on direct and went looking for an angel investor. Their first visit was with a friend of a faculty member. Andy Bechtolsheim one of the founders of Sun Microsystems was used to taking the desire believe. One look at their show and he knew Google had potential – a lot of potential. But though his interest had been piqued he was pressed for time. As Sergey tells it. "We met him very early one morning on the porch of a Stanford faculty member's domiciliate in Palo Alto. We gave him a quick demo. He had to run off somewhere so he said. 'Instead of us discussing all the details why don't I just create verbally you a check?' It was made out to explore Inc and was for $100,000."The investment created a small dilemma. Since there was no legal entity known as "Google Inc.," there was no way to deposit the analyse. It sat in Larry's desk drawer for a couple of weeks while he and Sergey scrambled to set up a corporation and find other funders among family friends and acquaintances. Ultimately they brought in a total sign investment of almost $1 million. Everyone's favorite garage bandIn September 1998. Google Inc opened its door in Menlo lay. California. The door came with a remote hold back as it was attached to the store of a friend who sublet space to the new corporation's staff of three. The office offered several big advantages including a washer and dryer and a hot tub. It also provided a parking space for the first employee hired by the new affiliate: Craig Silverstein now Google's director of technology. Already explore com still in beta was answering 10,000 search queries each day. The press began to take notice of the upstart website with the relevant search results and articles extolling explore appeared in USA TODAY and Le Monde. That December. PC Magazine named explore one of its Top 100 Web Sites and examine Engines for 1998. Google was moving up in the world.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1999--------------------------------------------------------------------------------On the road againWe quickly outgrew the confines of our Menlo Park home and by February 1999 had moved to an office on University Avenue in Palo Alto. At eight employees the cater had nearly tripled and the function was answering more than 500,000 queries per day. Interest in the company had grown as well. Red Hat signed on as its first commercial examine customer drawn in part by explore's commitment to running its servers on the open obtain operating system Linux. On June 7 the affiliate announced that it had secured a round of funding that included $25 million from the two leading venture capital firms in Silicon Valley. Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. In a reproduce of the convergence of opposites that gave birth to Google the two firms — normally fiercely competitive but eye-to-eye on the value of this new investment — both took seats on the board of directors. Mike Moritz of Sequoia and John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins — who between them had helped grow Sun Microsystems. Intuit. Amazon and Yahoo! — joined Ram Shriram. CEO of Junglee at the ping pong table that served as formal boardroom furniture. In short request key hires began to fill the company's modest offices. Omid Kordestani left Netscape to accept a lay as vice president of business development and sales and Urs Hölzle was hired away from UC Santa Barbara as vice president of engineering. It quickly became obvious that more space was needed. At one point the office became so cramped that employees couldn't stand up at their desks without others tucking their chairs in first. No beta search engineThe gridlock was alleviated with the act to the Googleplex our new headquarters in Mountain View. California. And tucked away in one corner of the two-story structure the Google kernel continued to grow – attracting staff and clients and drawing attention from users and the touch. AOL/Netscape selected Google as its web examine service and helped push merchandise levels past 3 million searches per day. Clearly we had evolved. What had been a college research communicate was now a real affiliate offering a function that was in great bespeak. So on September 21. 1999 the beta denominate came off explore com. Still we continued to grow. The Italian portal Virgilio signed on as a client as did Virgin Net the UK's leading online entertainment guide. The spate of recognition that followed included a Technical Excellence allocate for Innovation in Web Application Development from PC Magazine and inclusion in several "beat of" lists culminating with Google's appearance on measure magazine's Top Ten Best Cybertech enumerate for 1999.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2000--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Built-in innovationAt the Googleplex a unique affiliate culture was evolving. To increase the flexibility of the bring home the bacon space large coat apply balls were repurposed as highly mobile office chairs in an open environment remove of cubicle walls. While computers on the desktops were fully powered the desks themselves were wooden doors held up by pairs of sawhorses. Lava lamps began sprouting desire multi-hued mushrooms. Large dogs roamed the halls — among them Yoshka a large but calm Leonberger. After a rigorous review affect. Charlie Ayers was hired as company chef bringing with him an eclectic repertoire of health-conscious recipes he developed while cooking for the Grateful Dead. Sections of the parking lot were roped off for twice-weekly roller hockey games. Larry and Sergey led weekly 'TGIF' meetings in the change state space among the desks which easily accommodated the affiliate's 60-odd employees. The informal atmosphere bred both collegiality and an accelerated exchange of ideas. Google staffers made many incremental improvements to the examine engine itself and added such enhancements as the explore Directory (based on Netscape's Open Directory Project) and the ability to search via wireless devices. We also began thinking globally with the introduction of our first 10 language versions for users who preferred to search in their native tongues. explore's features and performance attracted new users at an astounding rate. The broad appeal of explore search became apparent when the site was awarded both a Webby Award and a populate's express Award for technical achievement in May 2000. Sergey's and Larry's five-word acceptance speech: "We love you. Google users!" The following month. explore officially became the world's largest search engine with its introduction of a billion-page list – the first time so much of the web's circumscribe had been made available in a searchable format. Through careful marshalling of its resources we had avoided the need for additional rounds of funding beyond its original venture round. Already clients were signing up to use Google's examine technology on their own sites. With the open of a keyword-targeted advertising program. We added another revenue stream that began moving the company into the color. By mid-2000 these efforts were beginning to show real results. On June 26. Google and Yahoo! announced a partnership that solidified the company's reputation – not just as a provider of great technology but as a substantial business answering 18 million user queries every day. In the months that followed partnership deals were announced on all fronts with China's leading portal NetEase and NEC's BIGLOBE portal in Japan both adding explore search to their sites. To extend the power of our keyword-targeted advertising to smaller businesses we introduced AdWords a self-service ad program that could be activated online with a ascribe separate in a matter of minutes. And in late 2000 to compound users' power to search from anywhere on the web we introduced the Google Toolbar. This innovative browser plug-in made it possible to use explore search without visiting the explore homepage either using the toolbar's search box or right-clicking on text within a web page as come up as enabling the highlighting of keywords in search results. The Google Toolbar would be enormously popular and has since been downloaded by millions of users. As 2000 ended. explore was already handling more than 100 million search queries a day — and continued to be for new ways to connect populate with the information they needed whenever and wherever they needed it. We reached out first to a population with a never-ending need for knowledge — students educators and researchers — paying homage to our academic roots by offering free examine services to schools universities and other educational institutions worldwide. Realizing that people aren't always at their desks when questions pop into their heads we set out to put wireless examine into as many hands as possible. The first half of 2001 saw a series of partnerships and innovations that would bring Google search to a worldwide audience of mobile users. Wireless Internet users in Asia. Japanese users of i-mode mobile phones. run PCS. Cingular and AT&T Wireless customers and other wireless device users throughout the world gained untethered access to the 1.6 billion web documents in our growing list.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------explore finds a few things it needsMeanwhile we had acquired a cornerstone of Internet culture. In February we took on the assets of Deja com and began the arduous task of integrating the huge volume of data in the Internet's largest Usenet archive into a searchable format. In bunco order we introduced improved posting affix removal and threading of the 500 million-plus messages exchanged over the years on Usenet discussion boards. As our global audience grew the patterns buried in the swarm of search queries provided a snapshot of what was on humanity's mind. Sifting through a fill of keywords. Google captured the top trending searches and institutionalized them as the Google Zeitgeist a real-time window into the collective consciousness. The Google Zeitgeist showcases the rising and falling stars in the examine firmament as names and places flicker from obscurity to center re-create and fade approve again. Like an S&P Index for popular culture the Google Zeitgeist charts our shifting obsessions and the impermanence of fame. As explore's search capabilities multiplied the company's financial footing became change surface more solid. By the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2001 we announced that we had open something that had eluded many other online companies: profitability. And in a nod to our growing business impact. Dr. Eric Schmidt whose longtime technology career included stints as CEO at Novell Inc and CTO of Sun Microsystems became our CEO in August 2001. Information without barriersAround the world. Google's circle of friends continued to widen. An agreement with Lycos Korea brought Google search to a new assort of Asian Internet users. In October a partnership with Universo Online (UOL) made explore Latin America's do search engine. New sales offices opened in Hamburg and Tokyo to conform to growing international interest in explore's advertising programs. Google's borderless appeal was also evident in the evolving user interface: Users could now check searches to sites written in Arabic. Turkish or any of 26 other languages. Meanwhile the Google search engine evolved again and learned to go several new kinds of information. File write search added a dozen formats to Google's roster of searchable documents. In December. Google Image Search first launched during the pass with 250 million images came out of beta with advanced search added and an expanded visualise list. Online shopping took a move send with the beta open of Google compile examine which made it possible for Google users to examine and look for more than 1,100 send order catalogs that previously had been available only in print. December also brought another milestone: The Google examine index reached 3 billion searchable web documents another leap forward in explore's mission to make the world's information accessible. The year came to a close appropriately with the Year-End Google Zeitgeist a retrospective on the search patterns trends and top examine terms of 2001.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2002--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Good things go in yellow boxesOur success in charting the public Internet had helped make Google the Internet examine engine of choice. But Googlebot the robot software that continually crawls the web to call back and grow explore's list of online documents had to turn back at the corporate firewall – which left employees. IT managers and productivity-conscious executives wishing for a way to bring the power of Google search into their workplaces. Their wish came true in February of 2002 with the introduction of the explore Search Appliance a plug-and-play search solution in a bright yellow box. Soon it was crawling company intranets e-commerce sites and university networks with organizations from Boeing to the University of Florida powering their searches with "Google in a box."In like with innovationThe like affair between Google and the technology community – engineers programmers webmasters and early adopters of all shapes and sizes – went back to the days when word-of-mouth from tech-savvy users spread the budding examine engine's reputation far beyond the Stanford campus. That ongoing act was evident at the 2001 examine Engine Watch Awards announced in February of 2002 where the webmaster community awarded Google top honors for Outstanding examine function. Best Image Search Engine. Best Design. Most Webmaster Friendly examine Engine and beat Search Feature. We showed the affection was mutual with a trio of initiatives to delight the most avid technophile. The Google Programming oppose coupled a daunting contend with a tempting prize: $10,000 a visit to the Googleplex and a chance for the winner to spend some quality time with the Google code base. (The eventual winner. Daniel Egnor of New York created a schedule enabling users to examine for webpages within a specified geographic area.)Google's web application programming interfaces (APIs) enabled software programs to ask Google directly drawing on the data in billions of web documents. Their release sparked a move of innovation from Google-based games to new examine interfaces. explore Compute newly added to the explore Toolbar took advantage of idle cycles on users' computers to help solve computation-intensive scientific problems. The first beneficiary: Folding@home a non-profit Stanford University research project to care for the structure of proteins with an eye to improving treatments for a number of illnesses. Advertising that populate want to seeIn February of 2002. AdWords our self-service advertising system received a study overhaul including a cost-per-click (CPC) pricing copy that makes examine advertising as cost-effective for small businesses as for large ones. Our approach to advertising has always followed the same principle that works so well for examine: cerebrate on the user and all else will go. For ads this means using keywords to target ad delivery and ranking ads for relevance to the user's query. As a prove ads only arrive the populate who actually want to see them – an come that benefits users as come up as advertisers. In May that approach got a vote of confidence when America Online – calling Google "the reigning champ of online search" – chose the company to give both examine and advertising to its 34 million members and tens of millions of other visitors to AOL properties. Further confirmation came when BtoB Magazine named Google the #1 business-to-business website and the #5 B2B ad property in any medium online or off. The launch of Google Labs enabled our engineers to show their pet ideas proudly to an adventurous audience. Users could get acquainted with prototypes that were still a bit wet behind the ears while developers received feedback that helped them educate their projects for success. Works-in-progress ranged from Google Voice examine enabling users to examine on Google with a simple telecommunicate label to Google Sets which generates complete sets (a enumerate of gemstones say) from a few examples (topaz ruby opal) giving each member of the new set its own search cerebrate. All the news that's fit to clickGoogle News launched in beta in September of 2002 offering find to 4,500 leading news sources from around the world. Headlines and photos are automatically selected and arranged by a computer schedule which updates the summon continuously. The remove service lets users examine search and browse with links from each advertise to the original story. Froogle a product examine function launched in evaluate mode in December of 2002 continued explore's emphasis on innovation and objective results. Searching through millions of relevant websites. Froogle helps users find multiple sources for specific products delivering images and prices for the items sought.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2003--------------------------------------------------------------------------------And the worlds turnGoogle's innovations continued to determine not only the world of examine but also the advertising marketplace and the realm of publishing. In 2003 we acquired Pyra Labs and became the domiciliate for Blogger a leading provider of services for those inclined to share their thoughts with the world through online journals (weblogs). Not long thereafter the explore AdSense schedule was born offering web sites of all sizes a way to easily create revenue through placement of highly targeted ads adjacent to their content. explore AdSense technology analyzes the text on any given summon and delivers ads that are allot and relevant increasing the usefulness of the summon and the likelihood that those viewing it will actually move on the advertising presented there. Version 2.0 of the Google Toolbar was released in the move and the explore Deskbar joined it in the Fall. The Toolbar's enhancements included a pop-up blocker and form filler while the Deskbar's location in the Windows Taskbar made it possible to search using explore without even launching a web browser. And there was so much more to find thanks to several advanced search features including a calculator parcel tracking flight information. VIN numbers and more all accessible through the familiar Google search box.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2004--------------------------------------------------------------------------------This communicate just inAs our site index increased to 4.28 billion web pages. Brandchannel again named explore as "mark of the Year" for 2003 and ABC News marked the cause by naming Larry and Sergey "Persons of the Week." We consolidated much of our Mountain believe operations in a new headquarters campus. And on February 17 we announced an expanded web index with more than 6 billion items (including the aforementioned 4.28 billion web pages plus 880 million images. 845 million Usenet messages and a growing collection of book-related information pages). Other new services that emerged early in 2004 included Local Search for those times when all a person needs is a tire store that's within walking hold or a neighborhood displace close enough to mouth fresh cannolis. Within weeks we followed up with a way for advertisers to target their ads to locations a set hold from their stores. It was an improvement for merchants that also made it easier for searchers to sight goods and services for sale in their own neighborhoods. Then came personalized examine on explore Labs enabling users to specify their interests and alter the aim of customization in their search results. On April 1 we posted plans to open a investigate facility on the idle and announced a new web-based mail function called Gmail which at launch included a gigabyte of remove storage for each user. It soon became apparent that Gmail was no communicate. The first serious re-examination of web-based telecommunicate in years. Gmail offered a powerful built in search answer messages grouped by subject lie into conversations and enough remove storage to hold years' worth of messages. Using AdSense technology. Gmail was designed to mouth relevant ads adjacent to mail messages giving recipients a way to act on this information. And on April 29 we filed with the SEC for an sign public offering (IPO). In early May. Blogger rolled out an upgraded version of its free web-based publishing software that enables users to create collect and share opinions and experiences with a global audience. And in June we announced a new version of the explore Search Appliance now with the capacity for more than 300 queries per minute and the ability to measure from 150,000 to 15 million or more documents. What's a conceive of worth?On July 13. 2 we announced our acquisition of Picasa. Inc. This Pasadena. Calif.-based digital photo management affiliate helps users to create bring home the bacon and share their digital photos. August 19 marked the initial public offering of GOOG on NASDAQ through a little-known Dutch sell affect which is designed to attract a broader range of investors than the usual IPO often does. The second annual Code Jam an event designed to draw the beat and brightest among computer programmers takes displace on the Google campus with 50 finalists from around the world competing in a time-limited software coding oppose. The top coder was Sergio Sancho a computer science student from the University of Buenos Aires who won the top consider of $10,000. On October 14 we released the first version of Google Desktop Search a small remove downloadable application for locating one's personal computer files (including email work files web history and instant message chats) using Google-quality search. That September we also passed the milestone of having more than 100 explore domains (Norway and Kenya are no. 102 and no. 103). explore SMS became a new beta offering in October enabling people who are away from their computers to quickly and easily get instant accurate answers to queries (like local business listings dictionary definitions or product prices) through text messaging using a cell telecommunicate or handheld device such as a BlackBerry by sending a query to the 5-digit U. S shortcode 46645 (also GOOGL on most mobile phones). Also in October we announced our first quarterly results as a public company with record revenues of $805.9 million up 105 percent year over year. We also signed a new expanded alliance with AOL Europe to provide a comprehensive and relevant examine and advertising experience to approximately 6.3 million members in the UK. France and Germany. What's a conceive of worth? (part 2)Towards the end of October we announced the acquisition of Keyhole Corp. a digital and satellite image mapping affiliate based in our own furnish town. Mountain believe. Calif. The acquisition gave explore users a powerful new search drive to believe 3D images across earth and the ability to tap a rich database of roads businesses and many other points of arouse. Our European operations moved into new Dublin headquarters with an official welcome from the Deputy Prime Minister. Mary Harney. The 150 Googlers who work here go from 35 countries and speak 17 languages – imperative for doing business across Europe. And our founders received new honors: Larry Page was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering and he and Sergey Brin are named the 2004 Marconi Fellows joining the august affiliate of such previous winners as Tim Berners-Lee and Bob Metcalfe. Expanding horizonsIn a nod to our continuing international expansion. Nikesh Arora joined as senior executive overseeing Google's operations in the European merchandise. Based in London. Arora fresh from executive stints at T-Mobile and Deutsche Telekom is responsible for continuing to create and grow strategic partnerships in Europe. And elsewhere in the world – namely Tokyo – we inform a new R&D center to attract the best and brightest among Japanese and other Asian engineers. Further expansion occurs in Kirkland. Washington where we opened a new engineering center which joins the others around the world. Also in November the Google list of web pages numbered 8 billion. In December launches included explore Groups a new version of the venerable Usenet collect of 1 billion posts on thousands of topics that Google has managed since 2001. The new Google Groups enables users to act and manage their own telecommunicate groups and discussion lists. And the Google Print schedule announced agreements with the libraries of Harvard. Stanford the University of Michigan and the University of Oxford and The New York Public Library to digitally scan books from their collections so that users worldwide can search them in Google.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2005--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Something color something newThe Google Search Appliance spawned a new blue Google Mini a smaller and lower-cost solution for small and medium-sized businesses that want explore quality examine for their documents and sites. The Mini is the first (and so far only) Google hardware product to be sold only through the explore Store alongside a variety of consumer goods that often feature the four-color logo. explore Video also launched – a new project that captures the closed-caption information on TV programming and makes it searchable. And fourth quarter earnings reported preserve revenues of $1.032 billion for the accommodate ending December 31. 2004 – up 101% year over year. Meanwhile. explore's Image examine grew to contain more than 1 billion images of all types – photos drawings paintings sketches cartoons posters and more. The latest version of explore Desktop Search rolled out now with the ability to find many more register types including PDF and MP3. It's available in English. French. German. Spanish. Italian. Dutch as come up as Chinese. Japanese and Korean. explore formally opened its Hyderabad office for AdWords support and QA projects – as come up as a home for our first cricket unify. And in May we launched explore Desktop examine for the Enterprise – a way to enable Google-quality examine across a corporate or organization's communicate with the security information and deployment controls an IT administrator needs. Another new feature launched in Google Local: explore Maps a dynamic online mapping feature users in North America use to find location information navigate through maps and get directions quickly and easily. explore Maps is distinguished by easy navigation detailed route directions and business locations related to the requested query. Even more fun: by integrating Keyhole technology. Google Maps can display a map view or a air believe. The faster we go…At explore we find that speed is of the essence and it appears that many other people also desire saving time. This universal fact has led to such innovations as My examine History (saving measure by knowing and showing what you've searched before) and the Google Web Accelerator (saving time serving web pages by "pre-fetching" them – delivering only updated circumscribe). In March we acquired San Diego-based web analytics firm Urchin Software. Thousands of popular websites and marketers use this software solution to better understand user undergo as come up as to optimize content and track marketing performance. We plan to alter these tools available to better alter website owners to alter their sites more effective and to increase their advertising return on investment. A long-standing explore interest has been to give find and hire women engineers. We regularly host women's recruiting events and we furnish scholarships through the Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship finance. In 2005 we recognized 23 young women with scholarships – outstanding female undergraduate and graduate students who are completing their degrees in computer science or related fields. Also in 2005 it seemed all the world took notice of blogs and feeds – two important ways to publish quickly and easily and to bid to many timely publication sites. After a year of learning and growing our own explore Blog runs frequent postings about explore products and populate by those who know them best – and thousands of people subscribe to the cater so they can construe it on the go. And in May we launched AdSense for feeds a way for every blogger to gain ad revenue by running targeted AdSense ads within the feed. As for Blogger we continue to create features including the ability to affix new items and photos from anywhere – even a mobile telecommunicate. As midyear beckoned we inform an option on Google Labs that some populate undergo asked for: a Personalized Homepage on which you can add news headlines from any sources offering feeds as come up as have quotes weather movie showtimes even driving directions. Some people want their Google in "classic" (plain) form – but others undergo asked for this variation too. Prior to the June open of explore Sitemaps webmasters published their pages to the web and waited for us to go their site for inclusion in the Google search list. With this in displace they are able to grade the pages they want crawled first and express us when pages are updated so that explore can index new content faster. We also traveled to the Land of the Midnight Sun – and opened a Scandinavian sales office in Stockholm. And speaking of the world at large our Keyhole acquisition during the fall of 2004 led us to create explore Earth which was unveiled in late June. This technology enables users to fly through space zooming into specific locations they decide and seeing the real world in sharp cerebrate. It turns out that when we talk about "the world's information," we convey geography too. And since the earth includes the fast-moving country of China in July we announced the opening of a new Chinese R&D bear on and hired the distinguished Dr. Kai Fu-Lee. We're always busy hiring and one of the most important roles is "executive chef." In August we announced that the search is on for not one but two chefs to lead our growing Mountain View eateries in serving Googlers and their guests at breakfast eat dinner and special events. Although August is traditionally a time to slow drink we didn't be to. We released two significant products during the month: explore Talk a free way to actually speak to people anytime anywhere via your computer featuring crystal-clear voice technology plus an instant communicate service; and the next generation of Google Desktop now offering at-a-glance find to your files email news photos weather. RSS feeds stocks and other personalized web content. Keeping true to our roots in search in mid-September we released explore communicate Search a tool to back up people sight lively content as soon as it's live on blogs around the world. And in recognition of our indebtedness to visionaries we announced the hiring of Internet innovate Vint Cerf to act his global Internet thinking on our behalf. Going local and globalIn October we merged our Local and Maps products into a hit explore Local service that (naturally) features maps. Perhaps even exceed for those away from their computer screens we now offer Local service via mobile phones – after all you be these way-finding tools even more when out in the wilds of study cities. We also noted in our third accommodate earnings announcement the fact that we now have 4,989 full measure employees – that's up from 4,183 at the end of the previous accommodate. Responding to the continuing (if not relentless) eat of digital information we unveiled a new web-based Google Reader in October that helps tame the flow of communicate web summon and news subscriptions we all be to undergo. The Reader is a more friendly way to gather all the data bits in one screen and is equipped to manage several flavors of "feeds." At the same we expanded our support of change state source software initiatives through a be of $350,000 in grants to Oregon express and Portland State Universities for open source development. These follow our "Summer of Code," a 3-month $2 million schedule for computer science students. The more initiatives we undertake the greater the need to grow and so we announced a new office in Phoenix and also ramped up staffing when we announced that Johnny Chou ordain connect Kai-Fu Lee in Beijing as president of sales and business development for greater China. Not desire after we opened our first offices in Latin America too – in Sao Paulo. Brazil and in Mexico City. Enhancing core businessesIn mid-November 2005 we launched two significant services that grow on our core businesses of search and advertising. One. Google Base is a new way for people to transfer content – lists web pages items of any type – in a structured change that interested searchers can then sight. This could be for sale items but might just as easily be scientific data or recipes or Top 10 lists – things that might not have had a web presence before. The other. Google Analytics was formerly known as "Urchin" – a function we acquired and then integrated into our advertising products. The fast-growing trend is to be able to decide the actual results of online ad and marketing campaigns – and this function which is now remove is available to everyone who needs to track these aspects more closely. During the late fall. Google create was also renamed Google Book examine which may more accurately designate how populate use it. And part of Book examine is our communicate to scan public domain books which we hope will make them much more easily accessible to a global audience of readers. During this time we also engaged in public consider about the important principles underlying Book examine through our blog in several posts. In keeping with our overall growth we also added two new members to our board of directors: Dr. Shirley Tilghman and Ann Mather both of whom carry years of experience and special skills to the boardroom. As we closed in on the end of 2005 we launched a music search feature that delivers a mix of information on artists titles links to albums reviews and where to buy information for a wide range of musicians and performers. Late in the month we announced a significant new agreement with AOL that expands a long-standing strategic alliance between the two companies. Among other things this agreement creates a global online advertising partnership makes more of AOL's content available to Google users and includes our $1 billion investment in AOL. And finally this month we marked the end of our first beat year of the explore Blog by tallying among other things the number of product tips (38) new product announcements (77). Google grow items (40) and international posts (19) we published.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2006--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fresh takes2006 arrived with a bang: a mark new Google Video store featuring many titles from numerous content partners and the ability to view or download them using a new explore Video Player. And filmmakers can set the price and aim of copy protection for their productions giving fans far more variety than ever before. While at the massive Consumer Electronics show in Las Vegas (a huge event for reporters industry folks and consumer enthusiasts) we also released explore Pack – a remove collection of safe and useful software for improving the web experience. And a first for Google: Larry Page delivered a set speech at CES. Also in January we began the first of many localization efforts around the world by delivering explore Earth to Macs. Over the year. Google corporate blogs also sprouted in seven languages and we opened offices in Cairo. Delhi. Haifa. Istanbul. Moscow. Mumbai. Osaka. Seoul and elsewhere. Within the U. S. we opened locations at Arizona express University in Tempe and Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh with the usual trappings: great populate great ideas and plenty of lava lamps. And the same time and after much serious consideration we announced the beginning of a localized Google domain in China. This news prompted a good deal of discussion among our friends and critics. It wasn’t an easy decision but we be dedicated to doing all we can to enable the best possible find to information. The dawn of orgIn the animate of our global commitment in February we introduced Dr. Larry Brilliant as Executive Director of explore org our philanthropic arm. His expertise in technology philanthropy and public health is surely a perfect combination for us. Google Chat connected people through Gmail and communicate becoming the first service to combine email and instant messaging within a web browser. An updated version of Google Desktop made it easier for people to find and share information on their own computers. Google summon Creator made it even easier for anybody to create by mental act and create web pages quickly and simply. In March. explore Finance debuted to improve upon the information that many investors stock-watchers and businesses rely on daily. Developed in our Bangalore R&D bear on as a 20%-time communicate. explore pay puts have movements into better context with related news and blog posts. The enterprise worldWe also expanded the services for those in the business enterprise sphere delivering the productivity of explore search across documents and websites for small- and medium-sized businesses. On the first-year anniversary of the explore Mini we announced a new Mini model. Then in April came a new version a open in lacquer and then in June it made its way to Australia and New Zealand joining its counterparts in the U. S and Europe. Finding what you’re looking forWe announced a major control program with the National Archives in Washington. D. C. to alter and alter accessible years of historical enter footage including remarkable videos such as World War II newsreels motion picture films the story of Apollo 11 and other NASA productions. Speaking of NASA we signed a formal agreement in December with NASA Ames Research Center to work together on a range of projects involving pretty cool places – desire the Moon and Mars. From the start we said it would be great if someday Google could help you find your car keys. It seems one of the most complicated types of information to act track of these days is personal information and so in April we released explore schedule to make that a little bit easier. It used to be that families would use a kitchen calendar to keep bring in of what everyone was doing but these days a lot of families let alone friends and coworkers aren’t all in the same kitchen. This web-based schedule lets anyone can access her or his own schedule from any computer and share it with everyone who is important to her or him. In May we released additional tools to act improving your search experience: Co-op. Desktop. Trends and Notebook. And because examine isn’t limited in its scope in June we launched a special Shakespeare page to back up people discover the great texts from the Bard through Book Search in conjunction with the first day of "Shakespeare in the lay," New York’s famous outdoor theatre festival. And then we introduced U. S. Government Search to make it easier to find Federal information and keep up-to-date on government news. Later in the year we announced another specialty examine for U. S. Patents. Helping our advertisersOn the advertising front. AdWords further expanded its access to local businesses. We announced click-to-play Video Ads followed soon after by a partnership with MTV. Then to help advertisers exceed sight and understand their clickstreams and how visitors accessed their websites we integrated AdWords with Google Analytics. Not long after we opened Analytics to anybody with a website regardless of whether they use AdWords. Focusing on the explosive world of "social media," in August we signed a multi-year search technology and services agreement with Fox Interactive Media to hook up with their newly acquired property MySpace. Toward the end of June we introduced explore Checkout to provide consumers with a faster safer and more convenient way to shop online and help merchants drive leads increase conversion rates and decrease costs. Checkout is closely tied to Google Search and Google AdWords improving the user experience with those products and making e-commerce more efficient for everyone. In the first six months following Checkout's channel we built up momentum by signing thousands of merchants and millions of buyers and in December we announced that we'd be waiving all transaction processing fees for merchants in 2007 as a way to continue building on that momentum. Worlds of informationDuring 2006. explore Book examine partnered with several more major libraries: the University of California. University of Wisconsin and University of Virginia and also our first non-English partnership with Universidad Complutense de Madrid to digitize and make searchable millions of pages of books and holdings across these libraries which of cover feature much that is rich with historical and literary determine. We also began to offer a PDF download of books in the public domain which proved to be a popular option. In related archival news we added an Archive Search to Google News so that history no longer seems so distant. Now you can find news stories going back more than 200 years and arranged using a simple timeline. Though we were working to alter books of historical maps from the archives of university libraries we also remained dedicated to making geographic information useful and accessible today. On the first Geo Developer Day in June we released a new version of Google Earth and enabled the creation of textured buildings in our acquired company. SketchUp. The same day. explore Maps undertook huge updates to its API displayed Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and announced licensing and give for businesses wanting to embed a Google Maps experience in their websites or internal applications. Not long after. explore Maps began offering locally based coupons that appear in search results and shortly after that. explore Earth launched in Japanese. comfort the same at heartGoogle being explore nothing gets in the way of our fundamental appreciation for the great applicability of technology – so quite logically we appeared at the 40th Anniversary feature Trek convention in Las Vegas with a booth highlighting our tools allot for intergalactic applications. Back on Google Earth we solidified partnerships with the United Nations. Discovery Networks. National Geographic and National lay Service among many others. In August we launched the largest free WiFi communicate in the U. S around our hometown of Mountain believe. California and then we partnered on a proposal with EarthLink to provide free WiFi for the city of San Francisco a affect that continues into 2007. The pass ended with the open of Google Apps for Your Domain a platform for small businesses to use Gmail. converse. Calendar. communicate and summon Creator together around their own domain name – for free. We added the “D” to domain by partnering with domain-registration industry leaders GoDaddy com and eNom to furnish domain-less users an easy way to sight register and buy a domain and then start immediately using our services. The importance of partnershipsOver the cover of the year we announced an advertising partnership with eBay a Toolbar distribution agreement with Adobe and a strategic alliance with Intuit by offering a variety of Google services to Intuit small business customers. We also connected with Dell to lay search software on Dell computers and in the UK we announced plans to work together in bringing web-based services to British Sky Broadcasting’s community of broadband Internet customers. It’s a mobile worldThe year would be nowhere come complete without mention of our efforts in the mobile lay – a entertain of new mobile products product updates and partnerships all directed towards helping more people find more information in more ways. In the first half of the year we made great strides toward that goal launching Google Personalized home for mobile and explore News for mobile devices and striking partnerships with carriers and equipment manufacturers such as Motorola. Research in communicate. Vodafone. Telefonica and KDDI. The first half of 2006 also saw the initiation of our mobile ads pilot in Japan a control designed to bring people relevant information in the form of highly targeted ads whose success led to its expansion to 11 more markets throughout the year. The second half of 2006 saw change surface more partnerships with market players from around the globe including NTT DoCoMo. Sony. Palm. Sprint and Airtel. It also saw two extremely well received launches: an modify to Google Maps for mobile that provides users with real-time merchandise information and a new Java application – Gmail for mobile devices – that brings change surface more speed convenience and functionality to the mobile Gmail experience. Always learningIn collaboration with the Frankfurt Book Fair literacy race and UNESCO’s initiate for Lifelong Learning we embarked on a Literacy Project binding together the powers of Book examine and the goal of sharing information and knowledge to create a resource for teachers literacy organizations and anyone interested in reading promotion and education. In the classrooms we released Google Apps for Education to help teachers command their challenges and students succeed on their work both independently and collaboratively. Incorporating Gmail. communicate. Calendar and summon Creator. explore Apps for Education helps the process of learning by making it easier to overlap information and ideas. We partnered with Blackboard an e-learning software affiliate launched explore for Educators a new outreach program offering K-12 teachers explore Certification through our Google Teacher Academy and we made a special effort at raising awareness of Africa during Geography Awareness Week the third week of November. Building on the popularity of the "Google draw," we invited young populate throughout the UK to create by mental act their own doodles that represent what it means to be British today in the “draw 4 Google: My Britain” competition. From the 15,000 British kids who entered we picked the grand consider doodles and doodlers. And what about video?Well in July. Google Video launched in localized languages in Canada. France. Germany. Italy the Netherlands. Poland. Spain and the United Kingdom – but the most exciting news in the burgeoning world of online video occurred in October when we announced our acquisition of YouTube the enormously popular entertainment destination with a community that is highly motivated to watch and overlap videos. Ecologically speakingLike most conscientious corporate citizens we cycle as much as possible. We embrace hybrid technology biking to work and the use of shuttles and carpools. (We change surface suggested "green vacations" using Google Maps in the summer 2006.) Then we went a go further in October when we undertook a large solar panel installation at our Mountain View campus. This direct installation of alter and renewable cater was the first step in reducing our environmental impact as a company. The solar energy will be used to cater several of our Mountain View facilities and by the spring of 2007 it should offset roughly 30% of our local peak electricity consumption – the amount of electricity generated equivalent to powering approximately 1,000 average California homes. At 1.6 MW this project will be the largest solar installation on any corporate campus in the U. S. and one of the largest on any corporate place in the world. More more more... There's always more around explore.. and so we introduced the explore Custom examine Engine so that anyone can use the explore search platform in just minutes to create a search engine focused on any circumscribe they desire and we announced something called the Google Website Optimizer to back up AdWords advertisers alter cause to be perceived business decisions and change magnitude the return on their marketing investments. Working with other major examine engines we united in a fit and change state initiative called Sitemaps org to give a common mechanism for website submission and soon after we announced sitemaps for explore News so that news sources have greater ability to determine what content appears in news searches. Paving the way toward the future of productivity at the Office 2.0 Conference in San Francisco we launched Google Docs & Spreadsheets an integrated web-based word processing and spreadsheet application that makes it easier for people to act and overlap documents and spreadsheets on the web. To better designate today’s connected world we believe the next great advances in productivity and collaboration ordain come from enabling groups to share their bring home the bacon in this make. This is a chief reason behind our late October acquisition of JotSpot a leading wiki platform. As usual we finished off with our year-end Zeitgeist a be back at the odd the expected and the timely things on our collective minds for all of 2006.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2007--------------------------------------------------------------------------------The New Year begins with a hit or twoThe new year began with a few new friendships and a birthday or two as we announced a partnership with China Mobile the world’s largest mobile telecommunications carrier to give their users with Google mobile examine as well as a collaboration with Samsung that puts Google products and services on selected Samsung phones. We also announced two new partners in our Library Project – the University of Texas at Austin library and the Princeton University library. In terms of birthdays the explore Mini turned 2 (to get together the aggroup added greater security features the ability to search across various business applications and integrated explore Analytics and the Sitemaps tool). And explore Apps for Your Domain turned one and spawned the explore Apps do Edition a grown-up business version of our online hosted application suite. In January we also launched explore SketchUp 6 the newest version of the 3D software modeling tool in explore Earth. Other first quarter updates in our geo-sphere: an Australia-specific domain for Google Maps and the ability to see up-to-date traffic info for 30 major U. S cities on explore Maps. We also updated explore Maps for Mobile to consider current merchandise information so that you can have details about freeway slowdowns when you need it most – in your car. (But gratify don't use Google Maps for Mobile while you're actually driving or you'll contribute to those red lines depicting trouble!) Also. Google Groups got some new features that moved it from a communicate board forum to an easy-to-build home on the web for populate to overlap and maintain information and orkut became even more socially useful with its SMS feature. One more January item: we announced our 2006 year-end results and hit a new milestone: on December 31 we employed 10,674 Googlers around the world – the first time our employee locate hit 5 digits!In February we celebrated like by sharing it and opening up Gmail to everyone – no invitation required. We also spent some time thinking about our vision for the future of Google Video and our newest clan member. YouTube. What's more. Google Apps expanded its global footprint when it announced partnerships with universities in Kenya and Rwanda. And we shared our thoughts on privacy by announcing a change in our logs retention policy. We were also excited that the SEC took a great step forward against spammers. But the first quarter seemed to be mostly about you as we launched more features to alter your homepage and your examine results. In light of all the flight cancellations that plagued travelers in late winter we were glad to open flights SMS which delivers news on the status of your flights when you text your airline and pip number to 466453 (GOOGLE). And because we're always looking for exciting companies that are pushing the envelope and innovating in their fields and who might make a great addition to the explore family we acquired Adscape an innovative in-game advertising producer and Gapminder's Trendalyzer software which generates dynamic graphics and other novel effects in displaying facts figures and statistics in presentations. Extending our ads platformIn April we announced a significant acquisition to our advertising business: DoubleClick. We believe this move will acquire all parties in the online advertising business especially consumers. We partnered with EchoStar and Astound Cable on a TV Ads Trial and our radio advertising services expanded thanks to a partnership with Clear Channel as well as new give from leading radio displace systems for explore AdSense for Audio. Finally we are working with Salesforce com to give companies of all sizes better tools to build their business online. We've been work introducing new features for Google Maps starting with My Maps and Mapplets two features that enable you to customize Maps and share information with other users. The latest innovation in Maps is Street believe. 360 degree street aim imagery of several study US cities. We also introduced several new initiatives in Google hide starting with the Crisis in Darfur Global Awareness layer in partnership with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and a partnership with the American Institute of Architecture and culminating at the end of June with the launch of Google Earth Outreach a program that enables organizations to use Google Earth to increase awareness of their work on many world-affecting issues. Some of our familiar services have been improved and expanded. We introduced a new more powerful version of Google Analytics. We brought explore Desktop to Linux systems. And then to better reflect what it actually does we changed the label of Froogle to Google Product Search. We increased the attachment size in Gmail from 10MB to 20MB. Book Search is now even exceed thanks to the addition of records for millions of books that aren't yet digitalized but can be found in a library come you as well as the inclusion of the Committee of Institutional Cooperation (a major 12-library consortium) to the Book Search Library communicate. We brought Google Calendar to mobile devices and did the same for Picasa. Speaking of Picasa – now you have the ability to link your Picasa photos and albums to Google Maps or explore Earth. Google Docs & Spreadsheets has a new interface to help you keep your online and shared documents better organized. We're looking forward to bringing you the ability to create and overlap online presentations as come up so with that goal in mind we acquired Zenter. And in the animate of making the Internet available wherever you go on April 1 (in keeping with our tradition for special announcements that day) we introduced TiSP an innovative – and free! – broadband service for your home. As usual we've managed to do some exciting new things with search too. This move we partnered with four states for exceed find to government websites. Search History part of Google Toolbar helps you act track of previous searches and get recommendations. We introduced a new cross-language search feature from explore Translate. If you're just in the mood for some fun you can analyse out Google Hot Trends which replaced the old look-back come of our long-standing explore Zeitgeist. And in May we were excited to announce our first steps towards universal search. Now when you search for something you'll see video news books image and local results integrated in one search result. We wish that universal search makes your searching experience more straightforward and comprehensive while still giving you the best answer to your query. The greening of GoogleIn June we got very busy with environmental initiatives. We announced the Climate Savers Computing Initiative a joint effort with more than 30 organizations to save energy and decrease greenhouse gas emissions by using more energy-efficient computers and computer equipment. explore org announced the RechargeIT Plug-In Hybrid Car Initiative and we finished the installation of 1.6 megawatts of solar panels at our campus in Mountain believe. advance we announced a plan to make our company completely carbon neutral by the end of 2007. We've also been doing a lot of thinking about public policy issues. Our VP of People Operations. Laszlo Bock testified in Congress about how immigration policies alter companies like ours. We published a new policy about anonymizing our server logs after 18 to 24 months. We're considering what information technology can do for health and healthcare and we formed an advisory council of experts to help command our developments in this critical area of information. In June. YouTube expanded to 9 more domains in Brazil. France. Italy. lacquer the Netherlands. Poland. Spain. Ireland and the UK translated and localized for each country. We're bringing YouTube into the political world with the CNN/YouTube debates featuring Republican and Democratic presidential candidates this coming pass and go. Finally we've been hard at work developing video identification tools to more accurately and efficiently spot copyrighted audio or video content. With all this going on how can we still have time at the Googleplex for anything else? Somehow we've squeezed in a little more. In early June we acquired Feedburner a company that provides tools for sitefeed management and analysis. We're enjoying authors' talks and visits from Presidential candidates in this pre-2008 election season. We hosted a explore Teacher Academy in Santa Monica. New team members undergo joined Google org. Ten different cities around the world hosted our first-ever explore Developer Day and we introduced Google Gears an open-source browser extension for creating offline web applications. Further investing in the developer community we announced Google Gadget Ventures a program which offers funding to third-party gadget developers working to create a more diverse and useful online world. And who could forget about that pesky python in our New York office building that was not an April Fools' Day prank?And on and onWhat's next from Google? It's hard to say. We don't talk much about what lies ahead because we accept one of our chief competitive advantages is surprise. And then there's innovation and an almost fanatical devotion to our users. These are the things that fuel us and we hope fuel your own dreams. You can always take a peek at some of the ideas our engineers are currently kicking around by visiting them at play in Google Labs. undergo fun but be sure to wear your safety goggles.
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